现代性批判立场与策略：阿多诺与洛特曼

摘要

在现代性批判的理论立场上，阿多诺与洛特曼均以马克思辩证思维为导向，打破同一，张扬差异，对启蒙现代性做出质疑和颠覆。在实践策略上，阿多诺否定美学承继马克思否定性的批判叙事风格，以激进的方式构建审美乌托邦。洛特曼差异美学突出马克思辩证思维平等、宽容、开放的特质，于现代性之维中开启后现代场域，在差异中求共识，多元中求汇通。基于现代性批判视域，梳理同源于马克思辩证思维的上述两类思想资源，不仅有助于更加清晰全面地辨识现代性的内在矛盾与冲突，获取审视现代性的全新视界，更有助于在现代性的反思语境下，激活马克思辩证思维阐释当代问题的理论活力。%In the position of modernity criticism,Adorno and Lotman are Marxist-dialectical thinking-orien-ted,breaking homogeneity and propagating dissimilarity,to question and subversion of enlightenment modernity.In practice strategy,Adorno's negative aesthetic inheritance of Marx negative criticism of narrative style,builds aes-thetic utopia in radical way.Lotman's differential aesthetics stresses Marx's dialectical thinking of equality,toler-ance,open nature in order to seek common ground among dissimilarities and search for accommodation within Plu-ralism.Combing these two types of thinking resources not only contributes to a more clear and comprehensive recog-nition of the inherent contradictions and conflicts of modernity,but also activates the Marxist dialectical thinking to explain the theoretical vitality of contemporary issues in modernity reflection context.