族群认同理论研究有其历史背景和学术背景。当代西方的族群认同理论大致分为“原生论”和“工具论”两种。自从族群概念和理论传入中国，国内学者进行了大量的有关族群认同的田野工作和实证研究，丰富了族群认同理论。在中国本土化语境中，族群认同与“差序格局”、“中华民族多元一体格局”紧密相连，实现族群认同到民族认同乃至国家认同的升华。%T he theoretical research on ethnic identification has its ow n historical background and academic significance .The contemporary western theories of ethnic identification can be roughly divid-ed into two types ,namely ,“theory of primitive origin”and“theory of instrument”.Since the concept and theory of the ethnic groups were spread to China ,Chinese scholars have carried out a lot of field investigations and empirical studies involved with ethnic identification ,which have enriched its theo-ries .Under the Chinese context of localization ,ethnic identification has been closely linked with “pat-tern of order difference”and“pattern of Chinese unity in diversity” ,which has lifted up the identifica-tion from the racial level to the ethnic level and finally to the national level .
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