明代南方诸省女土官执政现象研究

摘要

The female officers played a positive role in fighting pirates, defending the territorial integrity of the country;maintaining national unity, promoting the item exchange of the border with the central China, developing education in ethnic areas, building post roads. However, women officers fought for hereditary power in war, led to wars in ethnic areas, causing the destruction of people’s normal life, with a negative role.%　　由于经济上农业生产和经贸中的“女劳男逸”现象存在；政治官职上的借职制度及土官官族内封建宗法形态的发生等原因，明代南方诸省女性贵族人员有世袭土官职权的权力；也有向朝廷申请诰封和率兵外出征战的权力。女性土官掌权后，在抗击倭寇，捍卫国家领土完整；维护民族团结；促进边疆与中原地区物品的交流；发展民族地区教育；修建驿道等方面都起到了积极作用。但女性土官为争夺世袭权力，运用土兵进行战争，导致了民族地区战乱，对土官地区人民的正常生活造成了破坏，具有消极作用。