论爱因斯坦科学认识论中的经验概念

摘要

In the critical examination of human cognition activities,Einstein systematically and profoundly discussed the concept of experience in scientific cognition activities.According to Einstein,scientific cognition is represented as the process of transformation from experience to theory and from theory to experience.The experiences in human scientific cognition activities are categorized as direct and indirect experiences or perceptual and rational experiences.The concrete content in experience is the basis of the truth of scientific theory.During the early stage of science,the approach to the transformation from experience to theory is induction and abstraction while it must be free invention and creation of thought during the mature stage of science.Study on concept of experience in Einstein’s scientific epistemology will help deepening the understanding about the substantial process and principle of human scientific cognition and enriching and developing the concrete content of Marxist philosophic epistemology.%爱因斯坦在对人类认识活动的批判性考察中，对科学认识活动过程中的经验概念，有系统而深刻的论述。在爱因斯坦看来，科学认识表现为从经验到理论，再到经验的活动过程。在人类的科学认识活动中的经验，可分为“直接经验”和“间接经验”或“感性经验”和“理性经验”。经验中包含的“实在”内容是科学理论真理性的根据。在科学的幼年时代，从经验到理论的途径是归纳和抽象；而在科学的成年时代，从经验到理论的途径只能是思维的自由发明和创造。通过对爱因斯坦科学认识论中的经验概念的研究，既能够搞清楚人类科学认识活动的基本过程和规律，也可以丰富和发展马克思主义哲学认识论的具体内容。