2012~2014年我国婴幼儿食品中克罗诺氏菌耐药特征分析

摘要

Objective To study the antibiotic susceptibility of 417 Cronobacter strains isolated from 4 kinds of infant foods from 27 provinces in China during 2012~2014. Methods Totally 11 kinds of 9 categories antibiotics, including Ampicillin (AMP), Amoxicillin (AMX), Cefotaxime (CTX), Ceftazidime (CAZ), Nalidixic acid (NAL), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (SAM), Tetracycline (TET), Gentamicin (GEN), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Chloramphenicol (CHL) and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were chosen to conduct broth microdilution susceptibility tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols. Results A total of 8 of 417Cronobacter strains isolates were antibiotic resistance, with the average resistant rate of 1.92%. The antibiotic resistant strains included 3(AMX), 2(AMP), 2(CHL), 1(CTX), 1(NAL), 1(SXT), and 1(TET). Three strains were resistant to 2 kinds of antibiotics. Twenty-eight strains were determined as intermediate, including 16 AMX intermediate, 15 CHL intermediate and 1 CAZ intermediate. Conclusion All of Cronobacter strains were sensitive to most of antibiotics. Drug-resistant strains mainly came from cereal-based complementary food for infants and young children, and Amoxicillin and Chloramphenicol showed antibiotic resistance trend. Antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter should be continuously monitored in order to expound the main variation tendency of antibiotic resistance.%目的：阐述2012~2014年中国27个省(直辖市,自治区)分离自市售谷类辅助食品、婴幼儿配方食品、罐装辅助食品和其他乳制品等4类食品的417株克罗诺氏菌的药敏特征。方法参考美国临床实验室标准化委员会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)推荐的微量肉汤稀释法,选择氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、萘啶酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、四环素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素、复方新诺明在内的9大类11种抗生素进行克罗诺氏菌的耐药特征分析。结果417株克罗诺氏菌中有8株耐药,平均耐药率1.92%,其中7株耐药克罗诺氏菌来源于谷类辅助食品。耐药株中耐阿莫西林3株、氨苄西林2株、氯霉素2株、头孢噻肟1株、萘啶酸1株、复方新诺明1株、四环素1株。有3株菌耐受2种抗生素。28株菌抗生素中介,其中阿莫西林中介16株,氯霉素中介15株,头孢他啶中介1株。结论我国2012~2014年市售婴幼儿食品来源的克罗诺氏菌总体对抗生素敏感,耐药菌株主要来源于谷类辅助食品,阿莫西林和氯霉素显示出一定的耐药趋势,应持续监测以阐述主要抗生素的耐药变化规律。