黄河口及其邻近水域矛尾虾虎鱼渔业生物学特征

摘要

为了查明黄河口及其邻近水域矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)的生物学特征,为其渔业资源评估和管理提供基本参数,本研究根据2013年6月至2014年5月在黄河口及邻近水域进行底拖网调查所得的矛尾虾虎鱼资源生物学数据,对其群体组成、体长-体重关系和性成熟等渔业生物学特性进行了初步分析.结果表明,该海域矛尾虾虎鱼体长分布范围为25～154 mm,平均体长为(87.77±24.18) mm,优势体长为60～120 mm,占总渔获尾数的76.71％.体重范围为0.08～37.83 g,平均体重为(9.1±6.905)g,优势体重为0～10 g,占63.03％.全年矛尾虾虎鱼体长(SL)-体重(W)关系式为W=4.7×10-6SL3.183(R2=0.962,n=1842).矛尾虾虎鱼性腺成熟度和性成熟系数均呈现出明显的月变化,其主要繁殖期为4-5月,产卵持续至6月上旬;体长与性腺成熟度之间的关系无显著雌雄差异,瞬时性成熟速率K=0.039,50％性成熟体长L50=117.92 mm.%Traditional fishery resources have declined in abundance or even been depleted in recent years as a result of multiple stress factors,including coastal development,marine environmental pollution,and high fishing pressure in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters.Chaeturichthys stigmatias has increased remarkably in abundance and been a dominant species in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters,owing to its high adaptability,short life history,and high fecundity,as well as the decline in abundance of predators in these same waters.In order to ascertain the fishery and biological characteristics of Chaeturichthys stigmatias to generate the basic parameters for its further stock assessment and management,the size composition,length-weight relationship,and sexual maturity of the species were examined based on the fishery and biological data collected in bottom trawl surveys conducted between June 2013 and May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary.The results showed that the standard length of the fish ranged between 25 and 154 mm,with a mean length of (87.77±24.181) mm.The dominant standard length class was 60-120 mm,accounting for 76.71％ of the total abundance.The dominant class of body mass was 0.08-37.83 g,and the mean body mass was (9.1±6.905) g.The body mass class of 0-10 g dominated,occupying 63.03％ of the total abundance of the species.The length-weight relationship with sex combined for the whole year was described as W=4.7×10-6 SL3.183 (R2=0.962,n=1842).Monthly changes in the sexual maturity periods and gonadosomatic index of Chaeturichthys stigmatias were observed,where the reproductive period was from April to May and lasted to early June in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters.There was no significant difference between sexes with regard to the relationship between percentage of sexual maturity and standard length of C.stigmatias.A logistic curve was fitted to depict the proportion of sexual maturity in relation to standard length,and the parameters were derived from the curve,with a K value of 0.039 and mean length at sexual maturity of 117.92 mm for the species in the Yellow River estuary.