心智游移的适应性功能及其理论解释

摘要

Mind wandering refers to a phenomena,that attention switches from a current task or external environment to unrelated thoughts and feelings. Previous studies mainly focused on the cost of mind wandering. However,recently much evidence suggest that mind wandering also has its positive adaptive functions. This article synthesizes these functions includ-ing monitoring the external environment, autobiographical planning, improving creativity, facilitating decision making and lowering negative affect,and analyses the corresponding theoretical explanations,such as context regulation hypothesis and content regulation hypothesis,and thought continuum hypothesis. Future research will tend to investigate the adaptive func-tions of mind wandering in a direct way. Also,technisms which regulating content,time and context of mind wandering should be developed in the future,so as to improve the adaptive function of mind wandering.%心智游移是指注意从当前任务或者外界环境转移到内部想法和感觉的现象。尽管以往的研究主要关注心智游移的代价，但是最近的研究发现心智游移也具有一些积极的适应性功能。相关功能主要包括外部监控、自传体计划、提高创造力、促进决策和降低负性情绪等。相应的理论解释有情境管理假说、内容管理假说、意识连续体假说等。未来的研究应该进一步为相关功能提供直接的证据，也可以从内容管理、时间管理和情境管理的角度探索提高心智游移适应性功能的技术。