不同品种猪肉质性状和脂肪酸含量的研究

摘要

选择肉质优良地方品种金华猪、金华猪与引进瘦肉型猪杂交品种以及国外瘦肉型品种大约克等,屠宰测定其常规的肉质性状以及背最长肌中脂肪酸含量,探讨不同品种猪常规肉质性状以及背最长肌脂肪酸组成的差异.结果表明:在测定的6个品种中,金华猪的pH、肉色评分、大理石纹评分、系水力都是最高的,都显著高于国外瘦肉型品种大约克猪(P＜0.05);嫩度和失水率都是最低的,都显著低于大约克猪(P＜0.05).在测定的6个品种猪背最长肌13种脂肪酸中除棕桐油酸外,品种间差异显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01).金华猪背最长肌中饱和脂肪酸含量、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸之和以及饱和脂肪酸和总不饱和脂肪酸的比值都是极显著高于外来品种大约克猪的(P＜0.01);单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于大约克(P＜0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸含量则极显著低于大约克猪(P＜0.01).杜洛克×金华猪的饱和脂肪酸以及饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸之和均高于长白×金华猪、杜×长金猪和大约克猪,但品种之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).而在金华猪杂交品种中,杜×长金猪的亚油酸含量是最高的,极显著高于杜洛克×金华猪和长白×金华猪(P＜0.01).%To explore the effect of different breeds on conventional meat quality traits and delicious flavor of longissimus muscle,this study selected the local best breeds of Jinhua pig,hybrid breeds of Jinhua pig,the lean type pig,and foreign lean meat breed large Yorkshire and so on.After slaughtered,the conventional meat quality traits and the contents of fatty acid in the longissimus muscle were measured.The results showed that Jinhua Pigs pH value,meat color,marbling and hydraulic systems were the highest in the six varieties,which were significantly higher than those of foreign lean type breed Yorkshire pigs (P＜ 0.05);Jinhua Pigs Shear force and the rate of water loss were the lowest,which were significantly lower than those of foreign meat type swine (P＜0.05).Among the 13 kinds of fatty acids except the zoomaric acid in longest muscle of the six breeds,the difference was significant (P＜0.05) or extremely significant (P＜0.01).The content of saturated fatty acid,the sum of saturated fatty acids and mono unsaturated fatty acid and the ratio of saturated fatty acids to total unsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus muscle of Jinhua pig were significantly higher than those of Yorkshire (P＜0.01);The content of monounsaturated fatty acid in the longissimus muscle of Jinhua pig was significantly higher than that of Yorkshire pigs (P＜ 0.05);the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the longissimus muscle of Jinhua pig was significantly lower than Yorkshire pigs (P＜0.01).The content of saturated fat acid and the sum of saturated fatty acids and mono unsaturated fatty acid in the longissimus muscle of Duroc × Jinhua were higher than those of Landrace×Jinhua and Duroc× Landrace×Jinhua pigs and Yorkshire,but the four breeds had no significant difference (P＞0.05).The content of linoleic acid in Duroc× Landrace×Jinhua pigs among the hybrid varieties of Jinhua pig is the highest,which were significantly higher than that of Duroc×Jinhua pigs and Landrace×Jinhua pigs (P＜0.01).