ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efifcacy of cyclophosphamide combined with prednisone on treating nephrotic syndrome(NS) in infant.MethodFrom January 2010 to December 2014 in our hospital, 61 children with nephrotic syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment group (29 cases) received the treatment of cyclophosphamide and prednisone, while the control group (32 cases) only received the treatment of prednisone. The biochemical indicators were counted and analysised before treatment and 6 months, including the 24h urinary protein excretion and others. Also, we need to observe adverse reactions. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group has the lower 24h urinary protein and other biochemical indicators after 6 months. There was signiifcant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). In the treatment group, complete remission was achieved in 18 cases,partial remission in 4cases.The effective rate was 76%. While, the control group induced 9 cases complete remission, partial remission in 6 cases. The effective rate was 47%. There was signiifcant difference in the effective rate between the two groups(P<0.05). The occurrence rate of infectious diseases in the treatment group was obviously lower than the control group, but the incidence rate of gastrointestinal reactions was higher. There was signiifcant difference between them (P<0.05).Conclusions Cyclophosphamide and prednisone combination therapy has a higher remission rate and lower infectious rate than only the treatment of prednisone. So, it is worth to be popularized and applied in clinical treatment.%目的探讨环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗婴幼儿肾病综合征（nephrotic syndrome，NS）的临床疗效。方法对2010年1月至2014年12月在本科收治住院的NS患儿61例进行回顾性分析，选取环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗的患儿29例作为治疗组，仅应用泼尼松治疗的患儿32例作为对照组。随访观察6个月，统计并分析治疗前和治疗6个月时两组患儿24小时尿蛋白定量等各项生化指标变化，并记录不良反应。结果治疗6个月时，治疗组24小时尿蛋白定量等各项生化指标较对照组降低，差异有显著性（P<0.05）。治疗组完全缓解18例，部分缓解4例，有效率76%，对照组完全缓解9例，部分缓解6例，有效率47%，两组有效率差异有显著性（P<0.05）。治疗组感染性疾病发生率明显少于对照组，但胃肠道反应发生率高于对照组，差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗婴幼儿NS比单用泼尼松缓解率高，感染性疾病的发生率低，值得临床推广及应用。
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