目的：探讨 A 群轮状病毒所致婴幼儿腹泻的流行病学特征。方法回顾性调查分析北京友谊医院2012年1月至2014年12月1484例婴幼儿腹泻患儿，行胶体金法直接检测 A 群轮状病毒抗原，对患儿的性别、年龄、月份及大便常规特点等进行归纳总结分析。结果1484例婴幼儿大便中检出 A 群轮状病毒抗原阳性278例，阳性率18.73%。男、女婴幼儿阳性率分别为18.47%和19.08%，不同性别间无显著差异（ P ＞0.05）；6个月至1岁，1~2岁和2~3岁年龄组为易感染 A 群轮状病毒婴幼儿年龄组，其阳性率分别为18.97%，23.97%和20.26%；5月和8月感染率最低，其阳性率分别为0.93%和0，而11月和12月为高发月份，阳性率分别为46.74%和39.26%；阳性大便标本中糊状便占比最高（40%），粪便常规中潜血试验、白细胞、红细胞与轮状病毒抗原检测 Kappa 一致率和相关性较低，脂肪球则Kappa 一致率较高。结论 A 群轮状病毒所致的婴幼儿腹泻中，12月龄到2岁婴幼儿为高发年龄，11月和12月为高发月份，粪便出现糊状便、脂肪球成分应高度考虑轮状病毒感染。%Objective To discuss the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infants acute diarrhea caused by cluster A rotavirus (RV). Methods 1484 cases of stool samples from infants with diarrhea in a hospital were detected by technique of colloidal gold assay. Epide-miological data of infants were analyzed. Results Among 1484 detected stool samples,278(18. 73% )cases were positive RV antigen,RV infec-tion rate in male and female was 18. 47% and 19. 08% respectively( P > 0. 05). The most susceptible age of the infection was 0. 5 to 1 years old,1 ~ 2 years old and 2 ~ 3 years old,the positive rate was 18. 97% ,23. 97% and 20. 26% respectively,there were significant differences in the positive rates of RV antigen between infants at age of less than 6 months and greater than 3 years old groups( P < 0. 01). The positive rate of RV antigen from May and August was 0. 93% and 0 respectively,while November and December was 46. 74% and 39. 26% respectively. Con-clusion The most susceptible age of infection was 12 months to 2 years old in infants with diarrhea caused by cluster A rotavirus. The incidence peak of RV infection was in November and December. We should highly consider rotavirus infection when mushy stool and fat ball were found in the feces of infants.
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