李普曼"为儿童的哲学(P4C)"和马修斯"儿童的哲学(POC)"是儿童哲学的两大流派.前者基于儿童对世界的好奇和疑问,通过专门的哲学教材、独特的探究理念和方法,引导儿童的独立思维.后者的核心理念是:哲学思维是人类与生俱来的能力,儿童哲学不仅是儿童理解世界的最好方式,还包含了很多哲学论题的起点和雏形,为儿童哲学构建一个理论框架,以哲学的方式认知儿童的思维潜能、探索儿童的思考方式.不论哪个流派,儿童哲学关注的都是儿童独立思维的形成规律,进而反思成年人的思维方式,最终促进社会理性精神的树立,这应当引起逻辑学界的关注.在儿童哲学中,哲学与逻辑之间的密切关系,更召唤着逻辑学者探讨儿童哲学.在逻辑学视角下,保护独立思维的萌芽、促成理性精神的树立是儿童哲学产生的动因;运用逻辑进行推理、辨别判断是儿童哲学的主要内容.与此同时,儿童哲学研究也面临不少质疑与误解.缺乏理论研究的基础,是目前儿童哲学研究所面临的最大问题.%Lipman's philosophy for children(P4C)and Mathews's philosophy of children(POC) are the two schools of philosophy for children.The former is based on the children's curiosity and doubt about the world,and guides children's independent thinking through special philosophy textbooks,professional inquiry ideas and methods.The core concept of the latter is the philosophical thinking is an inherent human ability,and children's philosophy not only is the best way for children to understand the world,but also contains many philosophical issues of the starting point and the embryonic form,to construct a theoretical frame work for children's philosophy,and to explore children's cognitive potential and the children's way of thinking by the way of philosophy.No matterwhich school,children’s philosophy is concerned with the law of children’s independent thinking,then reflects on the way of thinking of adults,and ultimately promote the establishment of socialrational spirit,which should arouse the attention of logicians.In the philosophy for children,the closerelationship between philosophy and logic calls for logicians to care for philosophy of children.In logicperspective,protection of independent thinking sprout,and rational spirit is the motivation ofphilosophy for children produced,and using logic to make inference and judgment is the main contentof philosophy for children.Meanwhile,the research of philosophy for children is also facing manyquestions and misunderstandings.The lack of theoretical research basis is currently the biggestproblem facing by the present study of philosophy for children.
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