苏联解体后，在俄罗斯有关社会主义的研讨并没有停止，一些理论工作者对社会主义提出了自己的见解。为此，以当代俄罗斯颇具影响力的左翼学者斯拉文社会主义观为例，对当代俄罗斯社会主义思想加以研究。斯拉文首先对马克思社会理想进行了阐述，指出马克思社会理想是人道主义的体现，是“真正历史”的开始，具有现实性。斯拉文批判了资本主义给俄罗斯带来的消极后果，包括经济发展落后、社会创新力不足、贫富差距不断扩大、就业和教育问题突出等。斯拉文在批判现实的基础上对俄罗斯未来社会主义进行了展望，从所有制关系、科技、生态及国际关系等方面阐释了未来民主社会主义的基本内涵，着重指出未来社会主义应当充分体现“自由”这一属性，还应当凸显“民主”特征。%Since the break-up of the Soviet Union,the discussion on socialism has never ceased in Russia.Some scholars have developed their perspectives on socialism.This article studies socialist ideology in modern Russia on the basis of the Socialist View by Slavon,an influential left-winger.Slavon first explicates Marx’s social ideals indicating that his ideas are really humanistic,the right beginning of“the real history”and of realistic significance.Slavon then criticizes nega-tive effects of capitalism on Russia,including the lagging economic development,insufficient social innovations,the wid-ening gap between rich and poor,and serious problems on employment and education and so on.Slavon eventually from the aspect of critical realism looks into the future of socialism,from property relations,science and technology,ecology to international relations.He also illustrates the basic connotation of future democratic socialism,pointing out emphati-cally that future socialism ought to fully embody its property of“freedom”,as well as its characteristics of“democracy”.
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