共时与历时视角下的对外汉语词汇教学

摘要

Through two approaches, to describe the synchronic existence of words and to investigate the diachronic evolution of words, vocabulary teaching of Chinese as a foreign language could achieve better teaching results. The paper suggests us to grasp the key and the difficult points in vocabulary teaching by contrastive analysis, and then to distinguish the numerous near-synonyms in three planes, i.e., semantic, pragmatic and grammatical function, from the synchronic perspective. In addition, it gives a diachronic analysis of the sources of polysemants and idioms. These strategies are supposed to help language learners to strengthen the memory of vocabularies based on fully understanding of words meanings.%秉持共时描写与历时演化相结合的研究策略，文章先采用对比分析法确定对外汉语词汇教学的重难点，然后从语义、语用及语法功能“三个平面”对近义词展开共时辨析，并对多义词和成语进行追根溯源的历时分析。这样便可帮助学习者在充分理解词义的基础上强化记忆，达到事半功倍的教学效果。