不同地区谷子小米黄色素含量与外观品质研究

摘要

小米含有丰富的维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维,是重要的营养保健食品,小米黄色素的主要成分为天然类胡萝卜素.为了解不同地区谷子小米黄色素含量的差异以及黄色素含量与外观品质的关系,为培育高类胡萝卜素含量的谷子品种提供理论依据,2009年冬把来自不同地区的169份谷子品种(系),其中包括黄米材料154份,白米材料12份,绿米材料3份,种植在海南省三亚南滨农场,成熟收获后测定小米黄色素含量,鉴定小米外观品质.结果表明,小米黄色素含量变幅较大,黄小米黄色素含量5.40～19.55 mg· kg-1,绿小米黄色素含量10.14 ～ 16.44 mg·kg-1,白小米黄色素含量较低,变幅为1.10 ～2.49 mg·kg-1.小米黄色素含量地区之间差异较大,赤峰、大同、兰州、呼和浩特等地的谷子小米黄色素含量较低,低于10 mg·kg-1;汾阳、保定、安阳、石家庄等地的谷子小米黄色素含量较高,高于13 mg·kg-1.不同地区小米的外观品质差异较大,太原、长治、大同、延安等地的谷子小米外观品质较差,优质米所占比例较低；而衡水、沧州、保定、安阳、石家庄等地谷子小米外观品质较好,优质米所占比例较高.小米的黄色素含量与外观品质呈显著相关,黄色素含量是衡量小米外观品质的重要因素,可作为品质育种的重要指标.%The millet, containing abundant vitamin, mineral and meal fabric, is a kind of important nutrition and health food. The major constituents of millet yellow pigment are kinds of natural carotenes. The 169 foxtail millet cultivars, including 154 yellow millets, 12 white millets and 3 green millets from different regions, were planted on Nanbin farm in Sanya city, Hainan province in 2009. Yellow pigment content of millet was measured and the appearance quality was appraised to find out the difference of yellow pigment content of millet from different regions and the relation of yellow pigment and appearance quality. The results indicated that yellow pigment content had large range, and that of yellow millets was from 5.40 to 19.55 mg · kg-1 and that of green millets was from 10. 14 to 16.44 mg · kg-1 and that of white millets was lower from 1. 10 to 2.49 mg · kg-1. The average contents of yellow pigment from different regions had clearly differences, and that of millet from Chifeng, Datong, Lanzhou and Huhehaote was less than 10 mg · kg-1, and that of millet from Fenyang, Baoding, Anyang, Shijiazhuang was higher than 13 mg · kg-1. The millet appearance quality from different regions had a clearly difference, and that of millet from Taiyuan, Chang-zhi, Datong and Yan'an was poorer, and the proportion of quality millets was lower, while that of millet from Hengshui, Cangzhou, Baoding, Anyang and Shijiazhuang was better, and the proportion of quality millets was higher. The relation of millet appearance quality and yellow pigment content is significant. The yellow pigment content is an important factor of millet appearance quality, and may be used as an important indicator of quality breeding.