生育政策调整目标实现的困境及破解--基于女性个体发展视角的分析

摘要

Female behavior is at the center of China’s fertility policy adjustment, despite its apparent impact. The only child policy coupled with economics effectively offset the expected impact of adjusting the fertility policy. Under a socialist market economy focused on individual development and value, the relationship between the individual and society, weakening family relationships, fertility behavior can cause long-term problems. Thus, policy adjustment needs to compensate women for any loss in terms of social policy construction, or simply relax the number of births and moderate extension of maternity leave to encourage fertility.%女性的生育行为是我国生育政策调整的落脚点，然而单纯的生育政策调整并不能对当前女性生育行为产生实质性影响。独生子女时代形塑的生育价值观念、工业经济催生的工具主义生育理性，有效地抵消了生育政策调整的预期效果。社会主义市场经济条件下，深度参与劳动力市场的女性更重视个体发展和个人价值的实现，个人与社会的关系得到强化，而与家庭的关系趋于弱化，然而生育行为易导致其个人发展陷入困境。由此，生育政策调整若要实现预期目标，需要补偿女性因生育行为所产生的损失，从社会政策体系方面构建有利于女性生育的环境，否则只是单纯地放宽生育子女数量和适度延长产假，无法激励女性生育，更无法改变女性生育于自身个体发展方面的不利现状。