一儒家“言”教与道家“无言”之教对当代高等教育改革的启示

摘要

儒家的“言”教包含着工具性、媒介、管理和传承三重教育功能，道家的“无言”之教在内涵上是智慧的教育、心灵精神的教育、美的教育。儒家的“言”教不舍“身”教，形成“言传身教”、偏向外在的教育传统；道家“无言”之教的智教、心教、美教形成偏向内在的教育传统。道家和儒家“内”、“外”思想的差异形成互补的结构，演变为中国古代完善的教育传统，也对中国当代高等教育中存在的功利化倾向、师德师风和素质教育质量提升等问题的解决和改革予以积极的启示。%Confucian’s teaching by precept contains three functions: instrument, media, management and education, and the aim of Taoist’s teaching by non-precept is wisdom, spiritual soul, and beauty education.Confucian’s teaching by precept doesn’t exclude teaching by examples, forming an external bias educational tradition; Taoist’s teaching by non-precept lays particular stress on the wisdom teaching, the heart teaching and beauty teaching, forming an inherent bias traditional education.Taoism’s"inside"and Confu-cianism’s "outside"forms a complementary structure, turning into the evolution of ancient Chinese education tradition.At the same time, they also give a good example to solve the problem of utilitarian tendencies that exist in contemporary Chinese higher education, and the problem of how to improve the quality of education.