微生物碳酸盐岩研究现状及进展

摘要

Microbial carbonate reservoir has been one of the hot research topics in the field of petroleum geology in recent years. Current research indicates that microbialites and microbial carbonates are two different terms.Such features as sphere,rod-body,filamentous and extra cellular polymer substances (EPS)are considered as identification indicators of microbial carbonates,with characteristics of obvious negative anomalies of carbon-oxygen stable isotopes,heavy rare earth element enrichment,light rare earth element depletion,nutrients enrichment of Zn,Ba and other elements.It has been recognized that microbial carbonate rocks are the products of extreme environment in terms of its sedimentology.The microbial reefs mainly develop at the paleohigh of paleogeomorphology,and the growth and development of the microbial reefs are closely related to paleo-hydrological factors.In terms of microbial carbonates reservoir,it has been recognized that reservoir space of microbial carbonate are composed of two types:the conventional reservoir space and unique reservoir space respectively.The main controlling factors of reservoir include sedimentation,diagenesis and structure,and the microbial structure plays an important role in reservoir formation.%微生物碳酸盐岩储层是近年来油气地质界研究的热点领域之一.梳理国内外文献发现,针对微生物碳酸盐岩储层的研究已取得如下进展:术语规范性方面,认识到微生物岩和微生物碳酸盐岩术语的区别;识别标志方面,微生物碳酸盐岩内常见微米球体、杆状体、丝状体、胞外聚合物等,且具有碳氧稳定同位素明显负异常,重稀土元素富集、轻稀土元素亏损,Zn和Ba等营养元素富集的特点;微生物碳酸盐岩沉积学方面,认识到微生物碳酸盐岩是极端环境的产物,微生物礁丘主要发育在古地貌高点,其生长、发育、消亡均与古水文因素关系密切;储层方面,认识到微生物碳酸盐岩储集空间包括常规储集空间和特有储集空间两大类,储层主控因素包括沉积、成岩和构造,其中微生物组构在储层形成中具有重要作用.