太极拳锻炼对注意力缺少多动障碍倾向儿童的影响

摘要

目的：探讨有规律太极拳锻炼对注意力缺少多动障碍（ADHD）倾向儿童的影响，为太极拳锻炼干预治疗ADHD提供理论依据。方法：采用康纳斯诊断量表筛选出多动指数在1．5以上学龄儿童，随机分成年龄、身高、体重相匹配太极拳组（n ＝18，男童8、女童10）和对照组（n ＝18，男童9、女童9）。在16周太极拳干预前后对两组受试者进行儿童行为量表、儿童感觉系统能力发展和儿童适应性行为量表评估。结果：（1）在儿童行为量表测试中，太极拳组社交退缩、多动和交往不良因子得分显著减小（ P ＜0.05）；（2）感觉综合量表测试中，太极拳组的前庭功能和本体感觉得分显著增加（P ＜0.05）；（3）适应性行为量表测试中，太极拳组的独立因子和认知因子得分非常显著增加（ P ＜0.01）。结论：定期的太极拳锻炼一定程度改善了 ADHD 倾向儿童的症状，建议太极拳锻炼可作为 ADHD儿童的运动疗法。%Object:To investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in children,so as to provide evidence for treatment of ADHD by Tai Chi exercise. Methods:Using Connors Diag-nostic Scale to screen school - age children whose hyperactivity index was over 1. 5,and the chosen children were randomly assigned to the Tai Chi group (n = 18,male = 10,female = 8)and the control group (n = 18, male = 9,female = 9). There was no significant difference in age,height,and weight between the two groups. Before and after the Tai Chi intervention,all the subjects were surveyed with Child Behavior Checklist,Child Sensory Integration Checklist and Child Adaptive Behavior Scale. Results:(1)In Child Behavior Checklist test,the scores of social withdrawal,hyperactivity and communication deficit in the Tai Chi group decreased significantly (P < 0. 05). (2)In Child Sensory Integration Checklist test,the scores of vestibular function and proprioception in the Tai Chi group increased significantly (P < 0. 05). (3)In Child Adaptive Behavior Scale test,the scores of independence factor and cognition factor in the Tai Chi group increased significantly (P <0. 01). Conclusion:Regular Tai Chi exercise can decrease the symptoms of ADHD in children. Tai Chi exer-cise can be adopted as an effective therapy for children's ADHD.