高校非独生新生心理健康的影响因素研究

摘要

Objective:To analyze the influence of the four factors(gender,family sources,enrollment motivation and major satisfaction)on the mental health status of not-only child college freshmen.Methods:The mental health of not-only child college freshmen was tested by using University Personality Inventory (UPI) and SCL-90,and 1 575 valid data were collected.Results:There was a significant difference in the UPI three classes and SCL-90 positive rate of not-only child college students with different enrollment motivation and professional satisfaction(P≤0.01).The higher the professional satisfaction was,the lower the SCL-90 scores were;students with fuzzy motivation got lower scores than others(P<0.01) while professional satisfaction was high.The rural girls(P<0.05) and the urban girls with utilitarian motivation(P<0.01) got higher score,according to SCL-90.Conclusion:Gender,family sources,enrollment motivation and professional satisfaction affect the mental health of not-only students together.It is effective to promote mental health status of not-only child college students by improving their professional satisfaction and helping them especially female students establish proper learning motivation.%目的:分析性别、生源地、入学动机与专业满意度4个因素对非独生大学生心理健康状况的影响.方法:采用大学生人格健康问卷(UPI)与症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某高校非独生大学新生进行问卷调查,获得有效数据1 575例.结果:非独生大学生的UPI心理健康3类水平在入学动机与专业满意度不同维度上的分布差异显著(P≤0.01),SCL-90阳性筛出率在专业满意度不同维度上分布差异显著(P<0.01).专业满意度越高非独生大学生的SCL-90量表总分越低.专业满意度越高,持模糊动机的学生得分越低,达到显著水平(P<0.01);农村女生与持功利动机的城镇女生SCL-90总分高于其它学生,均达到显著水平(P<0.05、P<0.01).结论:性别、生源地、入学动机及专业满意度共同影响非独生大学生心理健康状况.提高非独生大学生的专业满意度,引导学生尤其是女生建立正确的学习动机更利于改善其心理健康状况.