头静脉末端的解剖学观测及临床意义

摘要

目的:通过对头静脉末端的解剖学观测,为临床头静脉插管、穿刺及选用置入管的直径提供必要的解剖学数据支撑.方法:对12具(24侧)成人标本进行双侧颈部、臂部、腋窝及锁骨周围部分解剖,观察头静脉,测量并统计相关数据.结果:12具(24侧)标本头静脉解剖观测,其中19侧属于Ⅰ型(腋静脉型)、3侧属于Ⅲ型(锁骨下静脉型)、2侧属于Ⅱ型(颈外静脉型).腋静脉型、锁骨下静脉型的注入角为(53.64±1.22)°,颈外静脉型注入角为(112.41±3.38)°;头静脉注入点距锁骨的距离为(15.13±0.11) mm,头静脉注入点距喙突的距离(26.52±0.14) mm,头静脉终点外径约为(5.57±0.24) mm.结论:头静脉较少数注入颈外静脉,且注入角度差异大,注入点距锁骨、喙突的距离相对固定.%Objective:Through the anatomic observation about the end of cephalic vein,The stude will provide necessary anatomic data for clinical cephalic vein catheterization to support the puncture and selection of diameter of insertion tube.Methods:The 12(24sides)adult specimens were dissected on bilateral neck,arm,axilla and clavicular part,observing cepnalic vein,measuring and counting relevant data.Results:Among 12(24 sides) anatomic observation of the cephalic vein of specimens,19 sides belong to typeⅠ(axillary vein type),3 sides belong to type Ⅲ(subclavian vein type),2 sides belong to typeⅡ(jugular vein type).The angle of Axillary vein,subclavian vein injection type is (53.64±1.22) degrees;the external angle of jugular vein injection is (112.41±3.38) degrees;the distance between cephalic vein injection point and clavicle is (15.13±0.11) mm;the distance from the cephalic vein injection point to coracoid is(26.52±0.14) mm;the external diameter of cephalic vein is(5.57±0.24) mm.Conclusion:A small number of cephalic vein is injected into the external jugular vein,and the injection angle is extremely different.The injection from the clavicle and coracoid has a relatively fixed distance.