氧化铝纤维纸与石墨纸间隔设置,各层之间使用磷酸铝粘结形成氧化铝纤维/石墨复合层,进一步与氧化硅气凝胶粘结.将碳纤维布置于复合层的两面,使用碳纤维绳缝合成为一个整体,并在试样表面进行抗氧化处理.利用单面氧乙炔烧蚀法对制备得到的材料进行隔热性能测试,并使用扫描电镜观察复合材料表面、截面形貌,研究烧蚀过程中材料的微观组织演变.结果表明,控制试样表面温度为1600±50 ℃,持续时间为540秒时,复合材料冷面温度为80±10 ℃,试样整体无开裂分层现象.碳纤维直径变化较小,提高了氧化铝纤维层与石墨层Z向纤维体积分数及层间剪切性能.在热冲击考核过程中,抑制了分层损伤扩展,有效减缓了层间开裂,保证了隔热材料的结构整体性.%Composite layers were adhered with aluminum phosphates, using alumina fiber paper, graphite and silica aerogel as raw materials. The carbon fiber sheet was spread on both sides of the composite layer. The sample was stitched as a whole by carbon fiber rope. Then oxidation treatment was processed on the sample surface. The thermal insulation of the prepared sample was tested by single side oxygen acetylene ablation method. When the temperature of the hot surface was controlled at 1600±50 ℃ for the duration of 540 seconds, the results showed that the temperature of the cold surface was about 80±10 ℃. The stratification did not happen in the sample. The diameter of the carbon fiber was not smaller. The fiber volume fraction of the composite in the Z direction between alumina fiber paper and graphite paper was improved because of the existence of the carbon fiber rope. The interlaminar shear strength was improved for the same reason. In the process of thermal shock test, the expansion of the delamination damage and interlaminar crack was suppressed. It was for this reason that the structure integrity of the insulation material was ensured.
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