欧洲哲学史上的马克思

摘要

As one of the seminal figures in the change of European philosophy, Marx stressed that people's activity and passivity are the characteristics of materialism and idealism respectively, and the practices in labor put the two together to go beyond the antagonism between materialism and idealism. Marx’s practical dialectics explains reasonably the state of human existence and points out the realistic approach by which human can eliminate alienation and achieve liberation. What Marx made a major achievement is unattainable for other modern philosophers. Since Soviet Marxist philosophy misunderstood Marx, his great contribution and historical role in the history of European philosophy didn’t be equitably assessed for a long period.%马克思是欧洲哲学由近代哲学转向现代哲学的开创性人物之一。他认为强调人的受动性与能动性是唯物主义和唯心主义的基本特征，劳动实践把二者结合在一起，实现了对唯物主义和唯心主义对立的超越。马克思的劳动实践辩证法合理地解释了人的生存状态，并且指出了人类走出异化获得解放的现实道路。这些是其他现代哲学家无法企及的重大成就。由于苏联马克思主义哲学对马克思的误解，他在欧洲哲学史上的伟大贡献和历史地位长期得不到公正的评价。