内直外方与人性旷达：唐代关中士人的精神特质1

摘要

唐代关中士人普遍具有的内直外方的性格特征，不仅是唐代关中士人的处世方式和人生态度，而且与忠奉社稷的爱国情怀密不可分；关中士人在时局险恶、仕途蹭蹬的际遇下，则移情临泉山野，隐匿寺观庭院，在归隐之中彰显生命的个性，张扬生命的旷达，以曲折的方式显现了唐代关中士人的内直外方的精神风貌。%The Tang Dynasty scholars in the central Shaanxi plain were characterized by being straightfor⁃ward inside and self-disciplined outside,which is not only their way of conducting themselves in the society and attitude towards life,but their patriotic sentiment of being loyal to the nation. In times of dangers and frus⁃trations,they retreated as hermit into the quiet places in the mountains. In this zigzag manner,they demon⁃strated their vital selfhood,displayed their broad-mindedness,and hence showed their spiritual outlook of be⁃ing straightforward inside and self-disciplined outside.