英语作格动词主动形式被动意义解析

摘要

The English ergative verbs are the issues of the lexical semantic category with active form but passive meaning. On their lexical properties,the ergative verbs belong to the strong and causative action verbs without external force and do not allow the passive grammati-cal marks. However,people often wrongly use it in the passive voice. It is the confused expression of the semantic characters of the erga-tive verbs and the passive verbs. According to the lexical semantic structure theory,through the analysis of the lexical semantic features of the ergative verbs, the paper explains the similarities and differences of the ergative verbs and the passive verbs and suggests that the ergative verbs can not be used in the passive voice mainly related to its passive meaning of semantic features.%英语作格动词具有主动形式被动意义特征，是词汇语义句法范畴内讨论的热点问题。就词汇语义性质来说，作格动词属于强动作性使役动词，具有动作自发性，不需要外力作用，不允许增加被动语法标记。然而人们往往错误地将其用于被动语态，这是混淆作格动词与被动词的语义特征的表现。根据词汇语义结构理论，通过对作格动词词汇语义特征的分析，解释作格动词与被动词及其句式的异同，提出作格动词不可用于被动语态主要与其具有被动意义特征相关。