日本俳句与中国六朝美学

摘要

"A unique Japanese literary genre", as is called by Natsume Soseki, haiku is deeply influenced by Chinese cul-ture.Its elements such as the theme of hermits, the state of meditation and the"sincerity of grace"it aspires to are mainly inspired by the Taoist philosophy while its leisurely style and rhythmic form are inherently connected with the aesthetics of the Six Dynasties.To be sure, there is something in haiku that is alien to the Chinese culture, such as the Kyoto style, and its absence of rhyme and extreme restraint are also at variance with Chinese poetry.This is why it did not catch on after be-ing introduced into China in the early twentieth century.%被夏目漱石誉为日本“唯一的文学”的俳句深受汉文化的影响。俳句中的隐逸主题、禅寂之境以及它所追求的“风雅之诚”很大程度上源自老庄哲学的启示，而它的闲适风格，韵律化的形式则与六朝美学有内在的关联。当然，俳句也有其不为汉文化所接纳的东西，比如它的京都风情，它的无韵化以及俳人极端内敛克制的写作姿态等与汉诗汉文存在一定的隔膜，这也是它在20世纪初期被引进中国而未获成功的原因。