中国西南地区农田生态系统碳源／汇时空差异研究

摘要

For coordinating the development of agriculture and environment in Southwestern China, based on the ag⁃ricultural production inputs and main crops yields from 2004 to 2013, the carbon emission and carbon absorption of the farmland ecosystems in the 5 Southwestern provinces, municipality and autonomous region were estimated and analyzed. Conclusions are reached as follows. The total amounts and intensity of carbon absorption of the farmland ecosystem were sig⁃nificantly higher than the total amounts and intensity of carbon emission in the Southwestern region. Compared to 2004, the growths of total amounts and intensity of carbon emission were respectively 2�4 times and 7�7 times the growths of total a⁃mounts and intensity of carbon absorption in 2013. The total amounts and intensity of carbon emission of the farmland eco⁃system substantially increased year by year, while the total amounts and intensity of carbon absorption showed over⁃all up⁃ward trend and large fluctuation. Chemical fertilizer emitted the largest amounts of carbon, and rice absorbed the greatest a⁃mounts of carbon. Significant temporal⁃spatial variation was observed in the amounts and intensity of carbon emission and absorption of the farmland eco⁃systems in the Southwestern provinces.The amounts of carbon emission and absorption in the region took the order of Sichuan>Yunnan>Guizhou>Chongqing>Tibet in 2013, and the intensity of carbon emission and absorp⁃tion followed the order of Tibet>Yunnan>Sichuan>Chongqing>Guizhou in 2013.%为了中国西南地区农业与环境协调发展，本研究根据2004－2013年相关农田生产投入以及主要农作物产量估算和分析了西南地区5个省市自治区农田生态系统碳排放和碳吸收。结果表明西南地区农田碳吸收总量、碳吸收强度明显高于碳排放总量、碳排放强度，但与2004年相比，2013年碳排放总量、碳排放强度的增幅分别是碳吸收总量、碳吸收强度增幅的2�4倍和7�7倍。西南地区农田碳排放总量和碳排放强度基本上逐年增加，而碳吸收总量和碳吸收强度总体呈增长趋势，波动较大。西南地区农田碳排放量最多的农田生产投入是化肥，碳吸收量最多的农作物是水稻。西南各省市自治区之间农田碳排放量、碳排放强度、碳吸收量、碳吸收强度都有明显的差异，2013年碳排放量和碳吸收量从高到低均是四川、云南、贵州、重庆和西藏，2013年碳排放强度和碳吸收强度从高到低均是西藏、云南、四川、重庆和贵州。