粳稻穗发芽的品种(系)间差异及其影响因素分析

摘要

为了明确不同类型粳稻品种穗发芽的表现特性及其影响因素,利用2016年9-10月江苏遭遇多次连阴雨的特殊条件,调查了近年来江苏省农业科学院育成的42个粳稻新品种(系)和98个江苏、山东、浙江等省育成的粳稻品种的穗发芽情况,并对影响穗发芽的相关性状进行调查分析.结果表明,粳稻品种的穗发芽率存在明显的品种(系)间差异,大部分品种(系)的穗发芽率较低,但也存在穗发芽率较高的品种(系).不同生育期类型品种(系)的平均穗发芽率存在显著差异,中熟中粳稻最高,晚粳稻最低,迟熟中粳稻居中,但同一生育期品种(系)间穗发芽率的变异系数均较大.同一品种(系)先后2次调查的穗发芽率差异均达显著或极显著水平,中粳稻品种第2次调查穗发芽率的提高程度远远高于晚粳稻品种.穗发芽率与叶穗位差、每穗总粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,而与播种到抽穗的天数和结实率呈显著或极显著的负相关.水稻品种的穗发芽除了受遗传因素控制外,主要与种子的成熟度和造成穗发芽的温度湿度条件有关.%Pre-harvest sprouting and its influencing traits of 42 japonica rice varieties( lines) bred by Jiangsu Acade-my of Agricultural Sciences in recent years and 98 japonica rice varieties( lines) registered in Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhe-jiang provinces under continuous rainy weather conditions were investigated from September to October of 2016. The pre-harvest sprouting rate varied in japonica rice varieties( lines) . Most of the varieties( lines) showed low sprouting rates. A-mong varieties( lines) with different growth durations, the highest pre-harvest sprouting rate was seen in middle maturing medium japonica rice, the lowest in late japonica rice, and the late maturing medium japonica rice was in between. For the same variety ( line ) , the pre-harvest sprouting rate was significantly different in two investiga-tions performed at two growth stages. In the second survey, the pre-harvest sprouting rate of medium japonica rice was higher than that of late japonica rice. The pre-harvest sprouting rate was positively correlated with height differ-ence between the top of flag leaf and panicle and total grain number per panicle, but significantly negatively correlated with days from sowing to heading and seed-setting rate. In addition to genetic factors, the pre-harvest sprouting of rice varieties ( lines) was primarily related to maturity of seeds and temperature and humidity conditions.