The implementation of the college student village official program has not only effectively broken the bottleneck of the lack of talent ,but also promoted the further development of the new rural construction , and helped to relieve the employment pressure of colleges and universities ,but it has also created new problems. This paper assumes that training mechanism ,assessment mechanism and incentive mechanism have significant positive effect on training effect of university student village official ,and carries out an empirical study taking the current and original university student village official of Heilongjiang Province as respondents. Finally , this paper constructs the structural equation model taking three kinds of training mechanism as arguments and training effect of university student village official as the dependent variable , tests hypothesis using the questionnaire survey data and analyzes various indicators of related variables. The results show that training mechanism , assessment mechanism and incentive mechanism have significant positive effect on training effect of university student village official. Based on the results of theoretical research and empirical analysis ,this paper proposes the training mechanism taking rural development as guiding , the scientific assessment mechanism and the incentive mechanism combing survival with development.%大学生村官计划的实施，有效突破了人才匮乏的瓶颈，推进了新农村建设的进一步发展，也缓解了高校就业压力，但在实施的过程中也伴随着一些问题。以黑龙江省大学生村官培养为研究对象，可以系统分析黑龙江省大学生村官培养机制与培养效果之间的内在联系，从定量的视角研究黑龙江省大学生村官培养机制的作用机理，并以三种培养机制为自变量、以大学生村官培养效果为因变量构建结构方程模型，运用问卷调查获得的数据进行假设检验，统计分析相关变量的各项指标。假设检验结果表明，培训、考核、激励机制分别对大学生村官培养效果有显著的正向影响，再结合理论研究和实证分析的结果，提出建立以农村发展为导向的培训机制、科学的考核评估机制、保障与发展兼顾的激励机制的政策建议。
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