2014-2015年广州市越秀区结核病流行情况分析

摘要

Objective To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of tuberculosis in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2015,to provide the scientific basic for TB control.Method Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the surveillance data of TB,rate analysis using Chi square test,αt=0.05.Results There were registered 3079 TB patients from 2014 to 2015,with 1395 smear-positive patients (45.31％) and 1684 smearnegative patients (54.69％).The rate of sputum smear was 100％,the rate of sputum culture was 90.45％.There were 2829 cases of new patients,accounting for 91.88％.The incidence of male TB was higher than that of female TB (140.27/100,000 vs.70.80/100,000),with statistically significant difference (x 2=332.774,P＜0.05).There were 1540 cases of young adults (aged from 15 to 44 years old),accounting for 50.02％.The incidence of TB in floating residents and local residents were 379.33/100,000 and 171.18/100,000 respectively,with statistically significant difference (x 2=465.906,P＜0.05).The drug resistance rate was 13.83％,the multi-drug resistance rate was 2.18％.Conclusions The vast majority of TB patients are new patients in Yuexiu District from 2014 to 2015,the coverage rate of sputum smear and the check quality are higher,the drug resistance rate and the multi-drug resistance rate are lower than the national average,which suggest that the control effect is better in recent years.The incidence of male TB is higher than that of female TB,the incidence of TB in floating residents is higher than that in local residents,the vast majority of TB patients are young adults,which suggest that we should strengthen TB prevention and control work in floating population and young adults.%目的 了解2014-2015年广州市越秀区结核病的发病分布和流行情况,为越秀区结核病防治提供依据.方法 将广州市越秀区2014-2015年登记结核患者的相关资料进行描述性统计分析,率的分析采用卡方检验,检验水准为0.05.结果 3079例患者,痰涂片(+)共1395例,痰涂片(-)共1684例,比例分别为45.31％和54.69％.痰涂片率为100％,痰培养率为90.45％.新患者2829例,占91.88％.男性发病率(140.27/10万)高于女性发病率(70.80/10万),差异有统计学意义(x 2=332.774,P＜ 0.05).青壮年(15～44岁年龄组)发病人数有1540例,占50.02％.外地户籍和本地户籍患者发病率分别为379.33/10万和171.18/10万,2014-2015年登记结核患者户籍差异有统计学意义(x 2=465.906,P＜ 0.05).总体耐药率为13.83％,耐多药率为2.18％.结论 2014-2015年越秀区新患者占绝大多数,痰检的覆盖率和检查质量较高,整体耐药率、耐多药率低于全国的平均水平,提示近年的防治效果较好;结核病男性发病率高于女性,流动户籍发病率高于本地户籍,青壮年是发病的主要年龄,提示要加强流动人口和青壮年结核病防控工作.