流感大流行后北京市普通人群流感相关知识、行为和技能的现况调查研究

摘要

目的 了解2009年流感大流行后北京市普通人群流感相关知识、行为和技能的现况,为北京市未来制定流感防控策略提供依据.方法 在2011年1月期间,采用多阶段分层整群系统抽样的方法,在北京市6个区县抽取普通人群作为调查对象,采用统一标准的调查问卷进行调查.结果 共有13286名调查对象参与了本次调查,其中城区6442名(48.5％).在知识方面,仅有36.2％的调查对象掌握发热体温标准,且以60岁以上年龄组的比例最低(32.2％),不同年龄组和地区间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).仅有45.6％的调查对象认为接种流感疫苗对预防流感最有效.在行为方面,有93.5％的调查对象在公共场所咳嗽或打喷嚏时会遮挡,然而有11.9％的60岁以上老年人不会遮挡.当自己或他人因出现流感样症状前往医院就诊时,有50.1％的调查对象几乎不或从不戴口罩.在所有调查对象中,2008年、2009年和2010年流感疫苗的接种比例分别为18.1％、23.4％和18.7％,且以60岁以上老年人的接种比例最高(P ＜0.001).在技能方面,分别有48.1％和47.5％的调查对象能全部看懂药品说明书和血常规化验单,有76.4％的调查对象能正确使用体温计,且皆以60岁以上老年人和郊区调查对象的比例最低(P ＜0.001).结论 2009年流感大流行后北京市普通人群已经正确掌握了部分流感相关知识、行为和技能,然而在某些方面仍有待进一步提高,尤其对于老年人与郊区人群.%Objective To examine the current status of knowledge,practice and skill related to influenza in the general population of Beijing after pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009,and provide scientific evidences for strategy of influenza prevention and control in Beijing.Methods During January,2011,based on multiple-stage stratified cluster systematic sampling technique,subjects were selected from the general population dwelling in six districts of Beijing,and the survey was conducted using a standardized questionnaire.Results A total of 13286 subjects participated in the survey,and 6442 (48.5％) were selected from urban districts.With regards to knowledge,only 36.2％ of the participants were aware of the criteria of fever,and the proportion in the elderly ≥60 years was lowest (32.2％ ),and there were significant difference between age groups and between urban and rural districts (P ＜0.001 ).About 45.6％ of the participants regarded influenza vaccination as the most efficient measure for preventing influenza.In terms of practice,around 93.5％ of the participants covered mouths and noses when they coughed or sneezed in the public place,but 11.9％ of the elderly remained not to cover.About 50.1％ of the participants seldom or never wore masks when they went to hospitals due to influenza-like illness in themselves or others.The uptake rates of influenza vaccination in 2008,2009 and 2010 reached 18.1％,23.4％ and 18.7％,respectively,with the rate in the elderly being highest ( P ＜0.001 ).With respect to skill,about 48.1％ and 47.5％ of the participants were able to understand instruction of medicine and results of blood routine test,respectively.Around 76.4％ were able to use thermometer properly,and the proportions in the elderly and the participants in rural districts were lowest ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions After pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009,the general population in Beijing have some correct knowledge,practices and skills related to influenza,however improvement is being in need in terms of some aspects,particularly in the elderly and the population in rural districts.