热传递对涡轮增压器效率特性影响的研究

摘要

在涡轮增压器热试台架上进行涡轮和压气机效率特性测量时，由于高温涡轮与相对温度较低的压气机之间有明显温差，造成热量从涡轮传向压气机，会使测量得到的涡轮和压气机的效率分别高于和低于实际值。本文对增压器的热传递现象进行了分析，并通过一种有效计算方法对涡轮和压气机的效率特性进行了热传递校准。校准后的涡轮和压气机效率特性与增压器冷试台架上测得的数据符合较好，最大误差低于4．7％。%There is a heat transfer from turbine to compressor through the housing due to tem- perature difference between the hot turbine and the relatively cold compressor when efficiencies of the turbine and the compressor are measured on a hot gas test bench. Generally heat transfer falsifies the turbine efficiencies to higher values and the compressor efficiencies to lower values. The heat transfer is investigated and an effective method is applied for efficiency correction of turbine and compressor. The efficiency results after correction complies perfectly with the measurement values from cold test bench for turbocharger with maximum difference below 4.7%.