著作权'间接侵权'理论之检讨与展望

摘要

著作权内容的封闭式规定引发侵权规则的革新,以英国、美国、日本判例为基础构建的著作权"间接侵权"理论存在诸多弊端,缺乏与侵权责任法关于共同侵权制度之间的沟通与缝合机制,故而不具备在中国生长的制度情景.在我国日趋完善的民事共同侵权制度之下,著作权"间接侵权"并无共存的必要和平台,应当构建著作权共同侵权规则以化解"间接侵权"之困境.著作权共同侵权应采客观化认定标准,帮助型共同侵权和教唆型共同侵权应作适当扩大解释,以涵盖辅助侵权、引诱侵权及扩大侵权损害后果的行为,同时应当在著作权侵权责任方式中增加消除危险责任,与诉前保全措施共同用以规制直接侵权的预备行为.判断著作权侵害行为应遵循"先单独侵权、后共同侵权"的认定规则.%The inflexible statutory principle of copyright leads to the reform of the system of copyright infringement rules.But the"indirect infringement"of copyright introduced from UK,US and Japan fails to solve such problems,and deviates from the system of joint infringement in our Tort Liability Law.Therefore,its intact transplantation into China is inappropriate.In Chinese traditional civil law,"indirect infringement"in copyright can't and needn't coexist with the theory of joint infringement.It's essential to construct the rules of joint infringement in copyright.The joint infringement of copyright should be determined by objectification.Preparatory acts of direct infringement can be tackled by the right of claim to eliminate danger and the pre-litigation preservation measures.The expansion of the damage consequences,the function of contributory infringement and inducement infringement can be displaced by the joint infringement.When judging whether an act constitutes infringement of copyright or not,it is suggested to follow the rule of"first separate infringement,then joint infringement".