考虑两种碳政策：碳交易、碳税，研究其对货运物流企业运营成本的影响。以总成本最小为目标，考虑车辆油耗与其载货重量的关系以及减少固定碳排放需要付出一定的机会成本，构建两阶段车辆路径优化模型，并设计遗传算法求解。数值分析显示两种碳政策的实施均增加了企业的经营成本，但促使企业减少碳排放；货运企业可以从两方面减少碳排放：1）减少固定碳排放，例如减少办公能耗与员工出差等；2）优化车辆性能，降低车辆的百公里综合油耗与提高车辆排放标准。%The two carbon policies , carbon trade and carbon tax , are considered , and their influence to freight enterprise operating cost discussed , with the optimizing target to minimize the total cost .The fuel consumption is related with the load weight of freight car and opportunity cost needs to be paid when de -creasing fixed carbon emission .A two-stage model is proposed and a genetic algorithm designed to solve it . Numerical analysis shows that carbon policies increase the operation cost , but can spur enterprises to re-duce emission .Freight enterprises can reduce carbon emission in two ways , one of which is to reduce fixed carbon emission like cutting down electricity consumption and evections , and the other is to improve vehi-cle performance , like decreasing fuel consumption per 100 km and enhancing emission standards .
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