氧化物气凝胶材料的制备及在F-T合成中的应用

摘要

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis provides an important way to convert biomass and natural gas to liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel.Oxide aerogel has low density,high surface area,large pore size and good thermostability.Accordingly,the oxide aerogel-based catalysts possess high dispersion of active sites and good mass transportation during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.The recent progress in the aerogel-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as well as the ambient pressure drying techniques for the preparation of oxide aerogel including the solvent exchange and surface modification was reviewed in this paper.The prospect and potential application of the aerogel-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were also outlined.%F-T合成是将生物质和天然气等转化为汽油、柴油等液体燃料的重要过程.氧化物气凝胶是具有低密度、高比表面积、大孔和高热稳定性的材料,通过气凝胶材料制备的F-T合成催化剂具有较高的活性中心分散度和较好的传质性能.综述气凝胶催化剂在F-T合成反应中的研究,并对气凝胶材料制备过程中的关键步骤——干燥方法进行讨论,着重介绍通过溶剂置换和表面改性等方法在常压干燥条件下制备氧化物气凝胶材料的研究进展,展望气凝胶F-T合成催化剂未来的发展方向和应用前景.