黄瓜正常品种及一个芽黄突变体的核型分析

摘要

对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)6个正常品种和1个芽黄突变体的根尖细胞染色体进行计数,并对其核型进行了分析.结果表明,正常黄瓜与芽黄突变体黄瓜的染色体数目均为2n=14,属于二倍体植物,染色体基数为7.芽黄突变体的染色体核型公式与正常黄瓜品种长春密刺(C.sativus cv.Changchunmici)、津研4号(C.sativus cv.Jinyan No.4)、津优2号(C.sativus cv.Jinyou No.2)、津优3号(C.sativus cv.Jinyou No.3)、农城3号(C.sativus cv.Nongcheng No.3)、新泰密刺(C.sativus cv.Xintaimici)的染色体核型公式一致,均为2n=14=12m+2sm;核型不对称系数为55.49%～57.45%.核型类型均为1A型,属对称核型.在系统演化上,黄瓜可能属于较原始的种类.通过对不同黄瓜材料间的染色体长度进行方差分析,结果P>0.05.说明在染色体水平上芽黄突变体与正常的黄瓜几乎没有区别.%The chromosome number and karyotype analysis of six normal and one mutant of light yellowsprout species' root tips were studied. The results suggested that both the mutant of light yellowsprout and the normal are diploid plants with same chromosome number which was 2n=14. The chromosome base was 7. The chromosome karyotype formula 2n=14=12m+2sm was identical between mutant of light yellowsprout and six normal species which were Cucumis sativus L. cv.Changchunmici, C. sativus cv. Jinyan No.4, C. sativus cv. Jinyou No.2, C. sativus cv. Jinyou No.3, C. sativus cv.Nongcheng No.3 and C. sativus cv. Xintaimici. Asymmetry index (As.K％) ranged from 55.49 ％ t0 57.45％. The karyotype was 1A and all of them belong to symmetrical type. C. sativus might belong to original species in phylogeny. The variance analysis of the length of chromosomes among different varieties of C. sativus L. showed that P＞0.05, thus there is no difference between the normal and mutant of light yellowsprout at the level of chromosome.