早在20世纪80年代，李泽厚先生就以“救亡”与“启蒙”为主线来阐释和建构五四以来的中国近现代史，并提出了“救亡压倒启蒙”的论断。实际上，“救亡”与“启蒙”不仅是近现代思想史的两大主题，而且是晚明至清初思想史的两大历史主题，晚明至清初的思想史实际上就是“启蒙”与“救亡”交替嬗变，最终“救亡压倒启蒙”的历史。另外，在君主专制长达两千年之久、自我意识几近泯灭的传统中国，启蒙的主题（或日主要任务）应当是人性的解放和个体意识的觉醒，亦即人性的启蒙，而非政治层面的启蒙。%In the early eighties in twentieth century, Mr Li Zehou used ＂Salvation＂ and ＂Enlightenment＂ as the main lines to interpret and constructed China＇s modern history since May 4 Movement, and put forward the argument of ＂ Salvation overwhelming Enlightenment＂. In fact, ＂Salvation＂ and ＂Enlightenment＂ was not only the two major themes of China＇s modern ideology, but also in late Ming Dynasty and early Qing＇s intellectual history. In fact, it was the alternate evolution of ＂Enlightenment＂ and ＂Salvation＂, and ＂Salvation overwhelmed Enlightenment＂ eventually. In addition, China was dominated by absolute monarchy as long as two thousand years, in which self consciousness nearly disappeared. Thus, the subject of Enlightenment （or main task ） should be to liberate humanity and the awaken individual consciousness, in other words, it should be human enlightenment, rather than political enlightenment.
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