损害赔偿的功能与完全赔偿原则的存废--利益平衡视角下之反思

摘要

损害赔偿具有补偿、预防、惩罚、维护行为自由等多重功能.损害赔偿法的基本原则必须能够反映和实现损害赔偿的上述功能,以实现不同主体之间利益关系的平衡.完全赔偿原则以补偿受害人为目的,在适用效果上呈现全有或全无的判断模式,因而在逻辑及价值层面存在诸多不足.基于损害赔偿的多重功能和利益平衡的考量,在未来的民法典中我们应当抛弃完全赔偿原则,在打通要件与效果间之隔绝的基础上,对损害赔偿效果作出弹性化的认定.%Damages has multiple functions such as compensation, prevention, punishment and protection of freedom of behavior. The basic principle of law of damages must be able to reflect and realize the above functions of damages, in order to achieve the balance of interests between different subjects. The principle of total compensation is contribute to compensate the victims, so it presents an all-or-nothing judging mode in application. Therefore, there are many deficiencies in logic and value. Based on the consideration of the multiple functions of damages and the balance of interest, we should abandon principle of total compensation in the civil code, and make the flexibility of the damages based on the connection of constitutive requirements and legal effects.