大同矿区地处典型的黄土丘陵风沙区,气候干旱,风沙大,土壤侵蚀和土地沙化严重,生态环境十分脆弱.为解决采矿区植被恢复过程中缺乏适宜的植物种类和相关的栽培技术等问题,统计了大同矿区某矿山棚户区、矸石山及周边矿业废弃地的现有绿化树种,选择典型区域对绿化树种进行抽样调查,实地观测其生长指标,同时结合保存率、生长势等相关参数,综合评价其生态适应性.结果表明:该矿山绿化树种主要分为常绿树种及阔叶树种共11个科17个种,对于常绿树种,棚户区油松的适应性>樟子松,矸石山油松的适应性>樟子松>云杉>桧柏;对于阔叶大乔木或灌木,棚户区树木的适应性从大到小依次为火炬树>新疆杨>垂柳>国槐>紫穗槐,矸石山树木的适应性从大到小依次为龙爪槐>国槐>垂柳>山杏;对于小乔木的适应性,金叶榆>紫叶李>紫丁香>小叶黄杨.%Datong mining area is located in typical loess hilly wind and sand area,with severe climate,sandstorm,soil erosion and serious land desertification,where the ecological environment is very fragile.In order to solve the lack of proper plant species in the process of vegetation restoration mining regions and related problems such as cultivation techniques,the main green trees had 11 families and 17 species in the mine shantytown,gangue and surrounding mining waste land by investigation and analysis.A sample survey of green tree species was carried out in the selected typical area,including observation of growth indicators and comprehensive evaluation of ecological adaptability combined with the preservation rate,growth potential and other related parameters.The results showed that selecting green trees for ecological restoration of mine vegetation in the semi-arid areas such as Datong mining,for evergreen species,the adaptability of Pinus tabula formis Carr was better than that of Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica Litv.,and the adaptability of trees in gangue area from high to low was:Pinus tabula formis Carr>Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica Litv.>Picea asperata Mast.>Sabinachinensis(L.).For broadleaf trees or shrubs,the adaptability of trees in shantytowns from high to low was:Rhus typhina Nutt>Populus bolleana Lauche>Salix babylonica>Sophora japonica Linn.>Amorpha fruticosa L.and the adaptability of trees in gangue area from high to low was:Sophora japonica 'Pendula'>Sophora japonica Linn.>Salix babylonica>Siberian apricot.For small arbor,the adaptability of trees from high to low was:Ulmus pumila cv.jinye>Redleaf cherry Plum>Syringa oblata>Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.) Cheng.
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