Objective To investigate the efficacy of lensectomy or phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cataract. Methods Eighty-three patients (90 eyes) with PDR and cataract were randomly divided into two groups:group A (42 patients, 44 eyes) and group B (41 patients, 46 eyes). Group A was treated by lensectomy combined with vitrectomy, and group B was treated by phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy. The clinical efficacy of two groups were observed and compared. Results The improvement in visual acuity of two groups were significant (P<0.05), and the improvement in group B was more significant than that in group A (P<0.05). The rates of iris neovascularization (INV) and capsular opacities of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (20.45%vs 2.17%, 31.82%vs 6.52%, P<0.05). Other com-plications in the two groups were cured after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Phacoemusification combined with vitrectomy is more effective than lensectomy combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cataract. With low incidence of complications and INV, which is worthy of clinical promotion.%目的：评价晶体切除术和超声乳化吸除术联合玻璃体切除术治疗白内障合并糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）患者的临床疗效。方法83例(90眼)PDR患者随机分为两组，其中A组42例(44眼)采用玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除术治疗，B组41例（46眼）采用玻璃体切除联合超声乳化吸除术治疗，观察两组的手术疗效。结果术前术后A组和B组视力总体平均值均得到显著性改善(P<0.05)，且B组患者术后视力改善眼数和视力总体平均值明显大于A组患者(P<0.05)。A组的虹膜新生血管(INV)发生率(20.45%vs 2.17%)和囊膜混浊发生率(31.82%vs 6.52%)明显高于B组(P<0.05)。两组患者其他并发症经对症治疗后均得以恢复。结论玻璃体切除联合超声乳化吸除术治疗白内障合并PDR患者术后视力改善效果优于玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除术，术后并发症和INV发生率更低，值得在临床上广泛应用。
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