深圳地区外来务工人员心理健康状况调查分析

摘要

Objective To study the mental health status of migrant workers in Shenzhen, and to provide a theo-retical basis for mental health education. Methods From May 2014 to May 2016, 6 597 migrant workers of 18-60 years old in Shenzhen were selected as the subjects of investigation using multi-stage stratified sampling. Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the psychological health status of the subjects for cross sectional study. Sta-tistical software SPSS17.0 was used to analyze the health status of migrant workers. Results The detection rate of men-tal health problems of the subjects was 20.1%(1 326/6 597). The SCL-90 total score and 9 factor scores of the subjects were significantly lower than the national norm (P<0.05), among which the top three factors were interpersonal sensitivi-ty, compulsion and depression. Mental health levels of migrant workers showed significant difference in education de-gree, age, profession, living environment and happiness in marriage (P<0.05). Conclusion Migrant workers in Shen-zhen have many mental health problems, and their mental health status is influenced by education degree, age, profes-sion, living environment and happiness in marriage.%目的：了解深圳地区外来务工人员心理健康状况，为下一步针对性开展心理健康教育提供一定的理论依据。方法于2014年5月至2016年5月在深圳地区采用多阶段分层整体抽样的方法选取6597名18~60岁外来务工人员作为调查对象，采取SCL-90症状自评量表对其心理健康状况进行横断面调查，并应用SPSS17.0统计学软件分析外来务工人员的健康状况。结果6597名深圳地区外来务工人员的心理健康问题检出率为20.1%(1326/6597)，其SCL-90总分及9项因子得分均明显低于全国常模的SCL-90总分及9项因子得分，其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其中得分排在前3位的因子是人际关系敏感、强迫及抑郁；外来务工人员的心理健康状况水平在文化程度、不同年龄层次、从事行业、生活居住环境及婚姻幸福状况等方面表现出明显的差异性，其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深圳地区外来务工人员普遍存在较多的心理健康问题，同时外来务工人员的文化程度、年龄层次、从事行业、生活居住环境及婚姻幸福状况对其心理健康有一定的影响。