淮安市某三甲医院甲状腺结节患者的膳食碘摄入量及贡献率调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the dietary iodine intake and the contribution rate of the patients with thy-roid nodules in a tertiary hospital in Huaian, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of thyroid nodule. Methods From January 1,2015 to December 31,2016,the dietary status and salt intake of 205 patients with newly di-agnosed thyroid nodules,who admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the 82thHospital of Chinese PLA,were inves-tigated by 24-h and 1-year dietary recall methods, respectively, and the iodine intake was calculated by Chinese food composition table(2002 edition).Results The median iodine dietary intake of 205 new cases of thyroid nodules was 313.53 g/d,between Recommended Nutrient Intake(RNI)and Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL),among of which,indi-viduals below the estimated average requirement(EAR)and above UL accounted for only 2.9% and 0.5%,respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary iodine intake between males and females in different urban and rural areas and in different age groups.Without considering the cooking loss,the contribution rate of salt iodine was 69.28%,fol-lowed by algae, aquatic products, vegetables and cereals with the contribution rates of 11.60%, 4.10%, 2.84% and 2.83%,respectively,then by fruit,beans,and drinking water(0.22%,0.17%,1.55%).Conclusion The dietary iodine in-take of the patients with thyroid nodules in the hospital is generally adequate and safe,and the iodized salt is the main source of dietary iodine.Patients with thyroid nodules should continue to eat iodized salt under the scientific guidance of the clinicians.%目的 了解淮安市某三甲医院甲状腺结节患者的膳食碘摄入量及贡献率,为甲状腺结节的防治提供依据.方法2015年1月1日至2016年12月31日,在解放军第八二医院内分泌科采用24 h膳食回顾法和1年食物回顾法分别调查205例甲状腺结节新发患者的膳食情况和食盐摄入量,并结合《中国食物成分表(2002版)》获得膳食碘摄入量.结果205例甲状腺结节患者的膳食碘摄入量中位数为313.53 μg/d,介于推荐摄入量(RNI)和可耐受最高摄入量(UL)之间,其中低于生理需要量(EAR)和高于UL的个体分别仅占2.9%和0.5%,不同城乡和各年龄组内男性和女性膳食碘摄入量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).在不考虑烹调损失前提下,食盐碘的贡献率为69.28%,其次为海藻类、谷薯类、蔬菜类和水产类,其贡献率分别为11.60%、4.10%、2.84%和2.83%,水果和豆类的贡献率分别仅为0.22%和0.17%,饮用水的贡献率为1.55%.结论 该院甲状腺结节患者膳食碘的摄入量总体上处于适宜和安全水平,碘盐是膳食碘的主要来源,甲状腺结节患者应在临床医生的指导下继续食用碘盐.