组织培养中植物外植体及愈伤组织褐变的研究进展

摘要

植物组织培养是在人工控制和无菌环境条件下,利用适当培养基对植物组织器官、细胞及原生质体进行离体培养,使其再生成细胞或完整植株的一种生物技术.愈伤组织褐变、水质化和污染一直是困扰植物组织培养的3大难题,植物基因型、取样部位、生长年龄、培养基成分及培养条件等不同引起组织褐变的程度也存在差异.为植物组织培养提供参考,对引起植物外植体和愈伤组织褐变的机理、类型、因素及其防治方法等进行归纳总结,并对其今后研究方向进行展望.%Plant tissue culture is a biological technique to use suitable media for in vitro culture of tissue organs,cells and protoplasts and then regenerate cells or complete plants under the conditions of artificial control and aseptic environment.Callus browning,vitrification and contamination have always been three problems in plant tissue culture.There is an obvious difference in browning degree among different genotypes,sampling parts,growth age,medium components and culture conditions.The mechanism,types,factors and control methods inducing explant and callus browning are summarized and the future research direction is prospected to provide a reference for plant tissue culture.