杜仲雄花形态性状的遗传多样性分析

摘要

Objective]The aim of this study is to reveal the genetic diversity on morphology traits of Eucommia ul-moides male flowers,to efficiently evaluate and utilize the E.ulmoides male flower resources and provide a theoreti-cal basis for the breeding program.[Method]The main morphology traits,such as flower diameter,flower height, dry weight,moisture content,stamen length,stamen number and 1 000-stamen weight of 193 E.ulmoides germ-plasm male flowers were measured and the genetic diversity analysis was carried out.[Result]The results showed that there existed large variations in flower diameter,flower height,dry weight,moisture content and another 3 traits,and the variation coefficient ranged from 5.18%to 40.47%.High genetic diversity indexes were calculated in all traits and ranged from 1.825 0 to 2.012 3.Significant correlation was observed among traits,the correlation coefficient were 0.746 between flower diameter and flower height,0.667 between flower height and dry weight, 0.831 between stamen length and 1 000-stamen weight,respectively.The results of cluster analysis showed that 193 E.ulmoides germplasms could be divided into 5 groups,the group Ⅲincluding 15 samples was evaluated as excel-lent resources.The principal component analysis revealed that the first 3 principal components which accounted for 86.625% of the accumulated variance contribution rate were suitable for assessing the E.ulmoides male flower re-sources.[Conclusion]It is concluded that the 7 morphology traits of E.ulmoides male flowers had high genetic di-versity and great potential for improvement,which could provide references for E.ulmoides breeding program and the utilization of male flower resources.%[目的]揭示杜仲种质资源雄花主要形态性状的遗传多样性，为有效评价、利用杜仲雄花资源，以及为杜仲育种提供理论依据。[方法]对193份杜仲种质资源雄花花径、花高、干质量、含水率、雄蕊长度、雄蕊数及千蕊质量等主要形态性状进行测定，并进行遗传多样性分析。[结果]表明：不同种质间杜仲雄花花径、花高、干质量、含水率等7个主要形态性状均存在较大变异，变异系数幅度5．18％40．47％。不同性状遗传多样性指数较高，变化范围为1．82502．0123。不同性状之间相关程度极为显著，其中，花径与花高间相关系数达0．746，花高与干质量相关系数达0．667，雄蕊长度与千蕊质量相关系数达0．831。通过聚类可将193份杜仲种质资源可分为5大类群，其中第Ⅲ类群种质包括15份材料，且各性状表现最优。主成分分析结果显示，累计方差贡献率达86．625％的前3个主成分适于评定杜仲雄花资源。[结论]杜仲种质资源雄花主要形态性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性，有较大的改良潜力，可为杜仲育种及雄花资源开发利用奠定基础。