Trace explosive detection is vital for the prevention and combatting against the explosion-related crimes. Traditional methods are insufficient to the in situ detection because the relevant equipment is expensive and bulky, usually suited to be used in lab, easily affected by environment, and needs professional operation and other requirements. As an emerging analysis technology, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has been extensively investigated in various fields for its advantages of high sensitivity, easy operation, portable devices, non-necessity of labeling and real-time monitoring. In this review, we summarize the recent studies about the detection of trace explosive, such as the ones from TNT and DNT, based on SPR sensor, and outlook the development tendency in this area. To begin with, a preliminary overview was given of the SPR theory and SPR sensor’s working principle. The methods to detect explosive based on SPR sensor were summed up, with the description of the indirect competitive and displacement approaches. Most importantly, the methods of modifying SPR sensor chips were discussed, mainly focusing on the modifications through physical immobilization of protein, polyethylene glycol and polymer, together with the analysis of the characteristics of such various modification measurements. Herein,several on-going and applicable implementations were predicted of SPR sensor to detect trace explosive. Firstly, SPR sensor will be integrating with other technologies such as fiber Bragg grating, photonic crystal fiber; secondly, the scope of detecting explosives will be expanded into those of containing nitro aromatic groups, RDX nitramine, nitrate type and most of the ammonium nitrate kind; thirdly, surface modification would be further enhancing the response of SPR sensor when more flexible nanometer choices are combined. Promisingly, the SPR sensor will be highly developed along with coupling such a sensitive transducer that can make the prior labeling of analytes unnecessary. Moreover, SPR detector will be made into portable instruments for the on-site determination so that the routine explosive analysis could be significantly improved at its efficiency and availability.%痕量炸药成分的检测对于预防和打击涉爆犯罪具有重要意义，传统方法难以满足现场快速检测的需要，表面等离子体共振（SPR）传感器作为一种新兴的检测手段，具有灵敏度高、操作简单、设备可小型化、可实时监测等特点，现已广泛应用于各个研究领域。本文介绍了 SPR 传感器的工作原理；概括了当前基于 SPR 传感器对炸药成分检测的方法现状，描述了间接竞争法和置换法的检测过程；重点阐述了 SPR 传感器检测痕量炸药的芯片修饰方法的研究进展与特点，包括使用蛋白物理吸附修饰、聚乙二醇修饰、高分子聚合物修饰的传感器芯片；总结了近年来对 SPR 传感器检测痕量炸药的研究情况。最后对 SPR 传感器检测痕量炸药的发展方向进行了展望。
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