分子生物学技术在预测微生物学中的应用与展望

摘要

预测微生物学是食品微生物学的重要组成部分,其本质在于利用数学模型描述特定环境条件下微生物的生长和死亡规律.预测微生物模型既能应用于预测食品的货架期、控制腐败菌的滋生,又有助于完善食品微生物风险评估体系,减少致病菌的患病风险,对保障食品安全和改善公共卫生状况具有十分重要的意义.本文以综述的形式,概述预测微生物学的发展历史,并分析当前预测微生物学的研究热点.在此基础之上,着重介绍分子生物学技术在预测微生物学中应用的最新研究进展,阐述分子预测模型的概念和构建方法,并对其他分子生物学技术在预测微生物学中应用的可行性以及分子预测模型的应用前景进行展望,以期为全面推动预测微生物学这一学科的进步提供理论参考.%Predictive microbiology is an important area of food microbiology,and its essence lies in the application of mathematical model to describe the growth and inactivation of microbiology under specific environmental conditions.Predictive microbiology model could not only predict the shelf life of foods to control spoilage organisms,but also contribute to food microbial risk assessment system to reduce the risk of pathogen infection.Therefore,it is of great importance for guaranteeing food safety and improving public health.This review overviews the history of predictive microbiology and analyzes the current research hotspots in predictive microbiology.The emphasis of this review is placed on the state of the art in the application of molecular biology techniques in predictive microbiology,and it also expounds the concept and methodological development of molecular predictive model.The feasibility of the application of other molecular biology techniques in predictive microbiology and the future prospects for the application of molecular predictive model are also discussed.This review is expected to provide a firm theoretical basis for promoting the advancement of predictive microbiology.