The essential oil of Chestnut flower has many biological functions such as insecticidal activity and antibacterial proterties, and it can be used as a natural preservative and repellents. In this article, the optimum extraction technology of the essential oil from Chestnut flower extracted by steam distillation and its antibacterial activity were studied by the methods of single-factor and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum extraction technology was when 1 cm segment of flowers in 40 g/L sodium chloride at the ratio of material to solvent 1∶10 (g/mL), distilling 3 h, the highest essential oil was gotten with (0.621 ±0.008)%. And the antibacterial activity of essential oil against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also investigated by the method of inhibition zone. The results displayed that the essential oil has antibacterial activity , and the order of inhibitory effects was Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Bacillus subtilis > E.coli. This study can provide technical support for the utilization and development of Chestnut flower.%板栗花精油具有抑菌性和杀虫活性等生物学功能，可作为天然防腐剂和驱避剂。采用单因素和正交试验研究水蒸气蒸馏提取板栗花精油的最佳提取条件以及其体外抑菌活性。实验结果表明：板栗花精油的最佳提取工艺为，板栗花1 cm短段与质量浓度为40 g/L氯化钠的蒸馏液按料液比1∶10（g/mL）的比例混合，蒸馏3 h，精油得率最高，为（0.621±0.008）%。采用抑菌圈法研究了板栗花精油对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和啤酒酵母的抑菌活性，结果显示，板栗花精油具有一定的抑菌活性，抑菌作用大小依次为啤酒酵母>枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌。本研究可为板栗花的综合利用和开发提供技术支持。
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