桉叶精油气相扩散抑菌活性及抑菌成分研究

摘要

通过测定桉叶精油在气相、液相和固相扩散方式下对供试菌的抑菌圈大小和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),探讨桉叶精油气相扩散抑菌效果,并结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和顶空固相微萃取(SPME)/GC-MS 技术,对比分析气态桉叶精油的抑菌成分.结果表明:桉叶精油通过气相扩散方式抑菌也具有明显抑菌效力,对供试菌的 MIC 值范围为0.045~0.36 mg/mL,显著低于液相 MIC 值(4.5~18.0 mg/mL)和固相 MIC值(4.5~18.0 mg/mL);对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较好,对黑曲霉抑制作用稍差;气态桉叶精油与桉叶精油的主要成分无显著差别,均以萜烯类和醇类物质为主,萜烯类物质相对含量的升高导致抑菌活性变强;气态桉叶精油的抑菌活性与α-蒎烯、右旋柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、异松油烯和月桂烯等物质有关.%To study the antimicrobial potential of vapor-phase Euca-lyptus essential oil, the antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)were evaluated against the tested microorganisms in vapor,liquid and solid phases.The chemical con-stitutes of Eucalyptus essential oil and its vapor were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and solid phase micro-extraction(SPME)GC-MS.The results demonstrated that Eucalyp-tus essential oil vapor had obvious antimicrobial effect on the tested microorganisms.The antimicrobial activities of Eucalyptus essential oil vapor against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous were stronger than that against Aspergillus niger.The MIC value (0.045~0.36 mg/mL)in the vapor phase to the tested microorgan-isms was significantly lower than that in the liquid-phase MIC(4.5~1 8.0 mg/mL)and the solid phase MIC (4.5~1 8.0 mg/mL).The dominant components,mainly terpenes and alcohols,showed not significant difference between the Eucalyptus essential oil and its va-por.The antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus essential oil vapor was related toα-pinene,D-Limonene,3-Carene,Terpinolene and Myrce-ne,and the relative increase in terpene contents led to the stronger antibacterial activity.