小尺度基阵空气声被动定向及精度分析

摘要

Based on the request of acoustic passive direction finding system for confronting the low-flying armed helicopters effectively, the basic principle of air acoustic passive direction finding is given when the array was small. The location theory and algorithm of the four-element planar cross array is introduced, and the direction finding precision is analysed. Meanwhile a simulation study on orientation performance of the array is researched. Results show that azimuth angle error and pitch angle error are not only related with time-delay estimation error, but also closely with the amplitude of azimuth and pitch angle. This means that spatial orientation precision distribution of the four-element planar cross array is uneven. The results lay an important basis for the study of acoustic passive localization for the moving air target.%针对如何有效地对抗超低空飞行的武装直升机,根据声测被动定向系统对声学基阵提出的要求,给出了当基阵尺寸较小的情况下空气声被动定向系统的基本原理.主要介绍了远、近场环境下平面四元十字阵的定向原理和算法,重点分析了该阵的定向精度,同时对远场环境下基阵的目标定向性能进行了仿真研究.结果表明,平面四元十字阵空气声被动定向系统的空间定向精度分布具有不均匀性,为空中运动目标声测被动定向算法的研究提供了重要依据.