中国农村子女教育同胞竞争效应研究

摘要

许多研究发现，子女的教育获得存在“同胞竞争效应”，即子女的受教育水平会受到其同胞的影响，这种影响与同胞性别结构和年龄差距有关。中国家庭营养健康调查（CHNS）数据显示，在中国农村普遍存在的家庭教育资源约束、父母重男轻女思想观念和养儿防老的现实诉求下，同胞竞争效应表现为：对男孩来说，有姐妹或者年龄差距较大的哥哥，有利于其教育获得；对女孩来说，有兄弟或者有年龄差距较大的妹妹，不利于其教育获得。同胞竞争效应主要发生在低收入和父母受教育水平低的家庭。%Many studies have found "sibling competition effect" on children's education attainment,which means that children's education attainment is significantly impacted by their siblings. This effect is related to the gender structure and the age gap of siblings. According to Household Nutrition Health Survey (CHNS) data, there are mainly two reasons for the sibling competition. The first reason is the widespread strong educational resources constraints in rural China. The second one is the patriarchal ideas and the reality that raising children for old age. For the boys, having sisters or much older brothers is beneficial to their education attainment. For the girls, having brothers or much younger sisters is not beneficial to their education attainment. This effect mainly exists in low income and low education level families.