Till 2011,there are still 288,000 substitute teachers in Mainland China. For the first time, when the number of substitute teachers serving urban population exceeded that of rural areas, reaching 155,000. Urban substitute teachers have particularities compared with their counterparts in in rural areas. They are characterized by more complex compositions, higher quality and more frequent mobility and so on. In addition, they suffer from"hardworking-return"disequilibrium, higher level of stress, rights protection deprivation . The reasons mainly due to strict criteria to qualify a teaching staff as government employee; their "teacher" status is not officially recognized and the disfunction of administrative system. The policy implications for this paper is, "lay off" which once adopted for substitute teachers serving rural areas is not appropriate for those non-officially registered teachers working in urban public schools. Improving salaries, guaranteeing legal rights and offering social security are all necessary alternatives.%至2011年，我国有代课教师28.8万，城市代课教师数量首次超过农村代课教师数量，达到15.5万。城市代课教师与农村代课教师及城市公办教师相比，具有特殊性。他们身份构成复杂、整体素质较高、流动性较大。且存在“付出-回报”失衡、心理压力大、权益保障缺乏等问题，这些问题产生的主要原因有教师编制问题、“教师”身份不被承认、缺乏统一管理等。从城市代课教师产生的背景上来看，他们的存在具有现实合理性，因此解决城市公办中小学代课教师问题，不应采取类似“清退”农村代课教师的方法，而应让他们的身份合法化，提高他们的工资待遇，保障他们的合法权益以及完善其社会保障等。
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